Chapter Guide for “Twilight of Atheism” Essay

The old style rendition of agnosticism is inconceivably not the same as the skepticism that is known today. †Some consider â€Å"modern atheism† as perhaps the best accomplishment of human acumen. Deification in Greek fantasies implied â€Å"infinite augmentation of presence, not the limitless projection of good qualities† †Classical Greek agnosticism prevented â€Å"traditional religion from securing the Athenian establishment† †Protestant reformers composed against church’s debasement and wandering from â€Å"authentic models of the New Testament† †Protestantism in the end picked up notoriety in Western Europe in 1600s - â€Å"Historical causes of current skepticism lie principally in an all-inclusive analysis of the force and status of the congregation †The eighteenth century was respected the â€Å"most innovative time of nonbeliever experimentation and reflection† Students of history date the introduction of ‘avowed’ or purposeful secularism in Britain to around the year 1782 Credit for the genuine headway of agnosticism on he night before the Victorian time is generally due to William Godwin. He accepted that social vision laid on the supposition of the perfectibility of humankind through explanation. Mary Robinson composed that, â€Å"nature was liberated from being God’s creation, and turned into a heavenly nature in its own right. Percy Shelley contended that since convincing proof for the presence of God is missing, here is no educated commitment to put stock in God. Be that as it may, Shelley never expressly prevents the presence from claiming a God when all is said in done. Shelley appears to contend against institutional religion. Mary Ann Evans otherwise known as George Eliot, grew up an outreaching, however transformed into a skeptic since she was of the undeniably obstinate and indifferent develops of the Christian confidence. Evans/Eliot went to a religion of human compassion, she accepted that the ethical parts of confidence could be kept up without Christianity. A. C. Swinburne was more cutting edge and forceful in his way to deal with spreading skepticism. He pictured god as a birch-using despot that mistreats humankind. Swineburne accepted that lone the dismissal of God would open the best approach to human self-satisfaction. By the center of the Nineteenth Century Jesus was viewed as an ethical sage, or as a good example. George Tyrrell was horrified that Jesus was viewed as less enamoring, however surrendered that the Christ was a â€Å"pale reflection† of his scriptural self. Part 6 Dostoyevsky was a Russian author that composed on an anecdotal Russia that went to skepticism to take care of its issues. While he demonstrated alluring of that decision, he additionally introduced a portion of its all the more alarming highlights. His reactions were coordinated more toward the world God as far as anyone knows made, more than scrutinizing God himself. Nietzsche accentuated that the faith in the Christian God got mind blowing. Nietzsche concedes that the acknowledgment that â€Å"God is dead† will travel gradually on the grounds that it is simply too â€Å"unthinkable†. For agnosticism, a strict perspective is abusive in light of the fact that it demands that we will be considered responsible for our activities. In a skeptical view, there are no wrongdoings, since nothing matters at long last. Albert Camus contended that human life is rendered useless by death, which keeps the person from understanding presence. For Camus passing isn't to be viewed as an acknowledge yet as a disavowal of the entirety of our achievements. Anyway Atheism didn't appear too in the United States. Numerous scholars accepted that if God was not in paradise, he could be discovered elsewhere. Part 7 â€Å"new atheism† grasps the individuals who question God; individuals who view themselves as Agnostic. McGrath composes that skepticism isn't about the suspension of deciding whether God exists, he expresses that genuine secularism is a firm distrust in God. He composes that genuine agnostics see religion as obsolete, subjugating, and a self-logical inconsistency. McGrath censures that if there was a God, for what reason does he permit enduring, by demonstrating the way that huge numbers of the abominations focused on people are brought about by different people †the ones that should be the â€Å"new gods† In the nineteenth century individuals were welcome to in-vision a world without God, however in the twentieth it had just been endeavored through the Soviet Union. In any case, by 1980 clearly this had not occurred, in appeared to have switched. John Henry Newman composed that Christianity was a, â€Å"living living being still during the time spent advancing and developing†. Pentecostalism appeared to turn out to be exceptionally well known in the years after the subsequent World War. Pentecostalism focuses on an immediate, prompt involvement in God, connected to the more dry types of love in Christianity. It likewise utilizes a language that permits it to connect social holes without any problem. Part 8 †McGrath accepts that Protestantism helped Atheism create somehow or another. - Durning the Reformation the differentiation among nature and God were extended a piece. The possibility that the characteristic world was not holy spread among mainstream scholars. - They accepted that regardless of whether God created the world, we were unable to consider God through it. They accepted that God must be known by implication. Protestant reformers presumed that that medieval Catholicism incidentally deteriorated into a people religion of nature. - They accepted that God uncovered himself through the good book and lecturing. He expresses that Protestantism energized the idea that God was missing from human culture and experience. This thought appears to reflect a portion of the thoughts the growing thoughts of Atheism. McGrath contends that protestantism removed a portion of the inventiveness of religion, which thusly caused agnosticism to appear to be all the more engaging. Skepticism had a perspective on all inclusiveness and an idea that it was over the normal individual. †Atheism has consistently been uninvolved of American life and maybe will stay there. †Signs of loss of trust in agnosticism. †â€Å"Sun is by all accounts setting on an†¦Ã¢â‚¬Ëœempire of the mind’† Chapter 11 - Future of agnosticism lies in private conviction, not in the open space it once had. †Proved circumstance explicit, not general, and persecuting and not freeing. - Radical strict change prompted dabbling with jargon as opposed to disposing of indecencies. Agnosticism affirms this hypothesis. Nietzsche composed, â€Å"God is dead, as an important reality, yet the individuals needed to have confidence in something different if that was the case†. - Sigmund Freud expressed that, â€Å"religion supported undesirable and useless points of view toward life†. - Growing mindfulness for otherworldliness. - Religion unites gatherings of individuals, for example, workers, making networks. - In the US, agnosticism brings forth associations, not networks. - Atheism has not gained from their leader’s slip-ups, and needs to develop pioneers to fix it †Greatest excellence: moral reality. In any case, skepticism is in a strange place right now.

Population and the Property in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Populace and the Property in Australia - Essay Example The understudies were given a lot of recommendations communicating various perspectives on the war in Iraq and requested to choose the reaction which best mirrored their own perspectives. Over 70% concurred either with the suggestion that Australia ought to never have been engaged with the US-drove war in Iraq or Australia should never again be associated with the US-drove war in Iraq. This diverges from reviews of youthful Australians led in mid 2004, which indicated an a lot more significant level of help for Australian contribution in the war. Test here is the understudy network whose perspectives are being gathered. The populace is delineated as the general populace of Australia. Property is the individual perspectives on Australians with respect to the govt inclusion in War in Iraq. A contention can be assessed based on specific variables. Above all else, the example instance of understudies being stretched out to add up to populace isn't absolutely sufficient due to the age factor. Understudies of a college who are not knowledgeable about global issues and the administration working are introducing their own perspectives which are themselves dependent on what their companions think. This age factor can't be reached out on to the general populace as there are moderately aged people and the more seasoned ages who are increasingly developed and experienced. The examination strategies utilized are likewise not thinking about the perspective of individuals other than youthful understudies. Decision about the assessment is fo und as not legitimized on the grounds that the perspectives on individuals increasingly experienced and solid view point isn't thought of. In causal research, for what reason is it significant for test gathering and control gathering to be comparable? What strategy for test gathering/control bunch determination is well on the way to bring about the experimental group and control bunch being comparable? Why? Clarify, utilizing a model, why it isn't generally proper to utilize that increasingly solid type of test gathering/control bunch determination.

Etiology and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s illness is a degenerative mind issue and is the fundamental driver of dementia. The major clinical signs of Alzheimer’s infection incorporate continuous loss of memory and language. Other significant side effects and indications of this ailment are mental and conduct anomalies and incapacities in the everyday practice or day by day living activities.The etiology and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s illness incorporate different elements. Natural Factors Even however the etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s malady is as yet not known completely, it is found to include an unpredictable blend of hereditary just as ecological factors.Among hereditary and ecological elements, hereditary factor is end up being assuming a significant job in the etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s sickness. The most significant reason for Alzheimer’s sickness is seen as the changes in chromosomes 21, 14 and 1 which are spread or moved in a run of the mill autosomal predominant mode. These changes make protein overproduction in neuritic plaques, B amyloid. Despite the fact that the start of the familial structure is regularly early, the nature and course of the confusion is seen as impacted by scarcely any ecological factors.But it is discovered that familial structure is answerable for just a unimportant extent of instances of Alzheimer’s sickness (even under five percent) (Cummings et al. , 1998b). Almost 50% of the individuals who are having predecessors with Alzheimer’s sickness are seen as getting this issue once they enter their 80s and 90s (Mohs et al. , 1987). Not many genotypes (the model of hereditary legacy in a person’s body) are found to give hazard for the late-beginning Alzheimer’s ailment (which is very common).Taking a model, the ApoE-e4 allele on chromosome 19, that energizes the testimony of B amyloid, is demonstrated to build the hazard for creating Alzheimer’s malady (Corder et al. , 1993). Every single other quality that are questioned to be answerable for the advancement of Alzheimer’s issue are being considered (Kang et al. , 1997). Aside from this specific explanation, there are different other natural hazard factors that add to the improvement of Alzheimer’s issue Cummings et al. , 1998b).Cognitive abilities and maturing are among the natural components. The way wherein these attributes add to the expanded hazard isn't in any case demonstrated, nonetheless, it is demonstrated in the clinical field that the various neurobiologic changes that are related with the typical maturing of the cerebrum of an individual likewise add to the significant hazard variables of Alzheimer’s issue. As individuals get into the later piece of their life, this age related neurobiologic changes make then increasingly subject for Alzheimer’s disorder.These neurobiologic changes incorporate neuron and synaptic misfortune, diminished dendritic r ange, decreased size and thickness of neurons present in the core basalis of Meynert, and poor cortical acetylcholine levels (Cummings et al. , 1998b). In light of these elements and the recurrence and event bend of this issue, clinical analysts have reached the resolution that individuals are particularly at risk to Alzheimer’s issue if their life expectancy is stretched out (past the typical age) past eighties and nineties (up to 100 and 150). Individuals over 90 years are exceptionally powerless to Alzheimer’s disorder.Among this, the individuals who have Alzheimer’s history in their family are 90 % inclined to this issue. Defensive Factors Apart from the organic components there are different elements that impact the beginning of Alzheimer’s illness. Different defensive factors that are incredible enough to postpone the beginning of Alzheimer’s issue have been found. For instance, Genetic gift with the ApoE-e2 allele is equipped for lessening t he danger of Alzheimer’s issue (Duara et al. , 1996). The specific job and the first system of activity of ApoE-e2 allele, be that as it may, are not totally understood.Deep thinking, higher instructive level and astuteness are additionally end up being related with the postponement in the beginning of Alzheimer’s ailment (Stern et al. , 1994; Callahan et al. , 1996a). Not many prescription and medications are likewise seen as useful for deferring the beginning of Alzheimer’s issue. For instance, prescriptions, similar to nonsteroidal calming drugs (Andersen et al. , 1995; McGeer et al. , 1996) and estrogen substitution treatment (Paganini-Hill and Henderson, 1994), are seen as viably deferring the initiation of Alzheimer’s disease.Apart from this, Vitamin E and the medication selegiline (also called deprenyl) are additionally demonstrated to burglary the vital phases of the course of Alzheimer’s issue, for instance the nursing home arrangement, ge nuine utilitarian weaknesses or scatters as the malady advances and lead to death (Sano et al. , 1997). As indicated by Behl et al. , 1995, the game-plan of the defensive specialists in an individual isn't totally known; be that as it may, these operators are demonstrated to check the poisonous activity of oxidative worry (through cancer prevention agents like nutrient E or estrogen).These specialists likewise counter crafted by provocative go betweens identified with plaque development (through enemy of inflammatories) (Mark et al. , 1995). Histopathology The pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s issue is likewise end up being related with the histopathologic varieties in Alzheimer’s infection. These histopathologic changes incorporate neuritic plaques, synaptic misfortune, neurofibrillary tangles, hippocampal granulovacuolar degeneration, and B amyloid angiopathy (Cummings et al. , 1998b).Majority of the hereditary and epigenetic chance elements are a few or the other route connected with B amyloid. This has helped the clinical analysts to infer that the arrangement of B amyloid peptide is the most essential obsessive occasion or step over the span of spread of Alzheimer’s issue in an individual (Cummings et al. , 1998b; Hardy and Higgins, 1992). An effective intercession over the span of Alzheimer’s illness spreading may incorporate impede any of the various advances remembered for the moderate advancement of Alzheimer’s sickness pathogenetic cascade.Few of the mediation modes incorporate interceding to diminish B amyloid age from the amyloid forerunner protein, mediating to diminish the B amyloid conglomeration just as the age of beta-creased sheets, and mediating in the amyloid-related neurotoxicity process. Effective impedance in these means may help interfere with Alzheimer’s spread. Aside from this, couple of treatments can effectively obstruct the neuronal cell passing and can hinder the fiery reaction happening in m asochist plaques.Therapies are additionally demonstrated to repress crafted by certain development components and hormones and furthermore defer the renewal of insufficient synapses. As the total check of the procedures inside the B amyloid course may influence the typical cerebral metabolic procedures, fruitful interferences may realize incomplete interferences (Cummings and Jeste, 1999). Learns about the sub-atomic neuroscience of Alzheimer’s infection have explored a few pivotal parts of pathophysiology and etiology.Researchers are attempting to altogether comprehend the whole procedures and explanations for cell passing, neuronal degeneration and resulting memory corruption. Clinical world is anticipating new disclosures from these examinations and are headed to lay another remedial way for taking out Alzheimer’s malady from the world (National Institute on Aging, 1996). Clinical world is anticipating that specialists should come out with the genuine physiological factor that makes a human body inclined to Alzheimer’s condition. Job of AcetylcholineAcetylcholine is additionally suspected to have an influence in empowering Alzheimer’s issue in an individual. Misfortune or diminishing of the synapse acetylcholine likewise is end up being liable for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s sickness. After death investigates in Alzheimer’s malady tainted individuals have clarified the misfortune or decrease of basal forebrain and cortical cholinergic neurons and the fatigue of choline acetyltransferase, which is the chemical that complete acetylcholine blend (Mesulam, 1996). A few after death reports have come out with the equivalent reason.The size of this focal cholinergic shortage is related with the seriousness of dementia that outcomes in the ‘cholinergic’ speculations of subjective shortfalls in Alzheimer’s issue (Mesulam, 1996). This speculation and the clinical inquires about have demonstrated that A cetylcholine assume a significant job in Alzheimer’s infection. In any case, acetylcholine isn't the main synapse that empowers the development of Alzheimer’s issue in a patient. Specialists are as yet attempting to discover the job of different substances in the pathogenesis of the Alzheimer’s disorder.The looks into identified with the pharmacological treatment of this condition are coming out with new outcomes. It has been demonstrated that a postponement or break in the spread of Alzheimer’s illness is demonstrated to decrease its commonness in the body of a patient even significantly (Breitner, 1991). So as to repress the spread of this disorder in an individual it is important to defer the beginning of the infection to such a degree where mortality from different assets outperforms the recurrence of the means of the disease.So the most critical advance in hindering Alzheimer’s sickness is the recognizable proof of the elements that stop the b eginning or hinder the advancement of the ailment in the patient. Taking a shot at these specialists would help lessen the spread of the ailment. References Aarts, P. , and Op nook Velde W. (1996). Earlier injury and the way toward maturing. In B. A. van der Kolk, A. C. McFarlane, and L. Weisath (Eds. ), Traumatic pressure: The impacts of overpowering experience on psyche, body and society (pp. 359â€377). New York: Guilford Press. Abrams, R

Brown Alpert Medical School Secondary Application Essay Tips

Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University is the only medical school in the state of Rhode Island. For this reason, it offers unparalleled access to all types of clinical settings and hospitals. It has seven teaching hospitals near its medical school campus. Its mission is â€Å"The pursuit of health to benefit society.† First and second year medical students can volunteer at the Brown Student Community Clinic. It is ranked #32 for research and #39 for primary care, according to U.S. News and World Report. The secondary application consists of three required essays. Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University 2018-19 Secondary Application Essay Questions: Alpert Medical School Essay #1 Summarize your activities during the 2017-2018 academic year. Describe how your activities are preparing you for a medical career. (2000 characters) Using an updated copy of your CV or resume and a copy of your AMCAS activities, make a comprehensive list of your current commitments. Include everything within the time frame for which they are requesting information. You can include activities that you are planning, as long as you are certain that you will follow through with them. You can always bring an updated copy of your CV or resume to the interview, especially if your plans change. Be thorough. Include everything you’re doing while applying. Alpert Medical School Essay #2 How will your unique attributes (e.g., cultural or socioeconomic background, lifestyle, work experiences) add to the overall diversity of the Alpert Medical School community? (2000 characters) Using their guidelines, â€Å"cultural or socioeconomic background, lifestyle, work experiences,† make a list. What has been unusual for you in these areas? Often it is hard to identify this information by yourself, so you may want to talk to a friend, premed advisor, or consultant for ideas. Using your list, identify those qualities or experiences that have resulted in definite skills or abilities that you can share with your medical school class. Focus on those areas that benefit you as well as others. Alpert Medical School Essay #3 What are your aspirations for your medical practice? Fast-forward to 15 years in the future: where do you imagine yourself? (3000 characters) If this question stumps you, I recommend reviewing the CV or life story of a doctor or mentor whom you admire. Often, it’s hard to know what our goals should be when we don’t know what is possible. Give yourself time to read biographies and CV’s of those who inspire you to come up with ideas for your future. Have fun with this one, but set realistic goals! If you would like professional guidance with your Alpert Medical School application materials,  check out Accepted’s Medical School Admissions Consulting and Editing Services, which include advising, editing, and interview coaching for Alpert Medical School’s application materials. Alpert Medical School 2018-19 Application Timeline   AMCAS Application Due   November 1   Secondary Application Due   December 1   Interview Invitations Sent   September February ***Disclaimer: Information is subject to change. Please check with individual programs to verify the essay questions, instructions and deadlines.*** Alicia McNease Nimonkar worked for 5 years as the Student Advisor Director at the UC Davis School of Medicine's postbac program where she both evaluated applications and advised students applying successfully to med school and other health professional programs. She has served Accepted's clients since 2012 with roughly a 90% success rate. She has a Master of Arts in Composition and Rhetoric as well as Literature.  Want Alicia to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  The Ultimate Guide to Secondary Essay Questions from Top Med Schools †¢Ã‚  Different Dimensions of Diversity, a podcast episode †¢ 4 Ways to Show How Youll Contribute in the Future Brown Alpert Medical School Secondary Application Essay Tips Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University is the only medical school in the state of Rhode Island. For this reason, it offers unparalleled access to all types of clinical settings and hospitals. It has seven teaching hospitals near its medical school campus. Its mission is â€Å"The pursuit of health to benefit society.† First and second year medical students can volunteer at the Brown Student Community Clinic. It is ranked #32 for research and #39 for primary care, according to U.S. News and World Report. The secondary application consists of three required essays. Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University 2018-19 Secondary Application Essay Questions: Alpert Medical School Essay #1 Summarize your activities during the 2017-2018 academic year. Describe how your activities are preparing you for a medical career. (2000 characters) Using an updated copy of your CV or resume and a copy of your AMCAS activities, make a comprehensive list of your current commitments. Include everything within the time frame for which they are requesting information. You can include activities that you are planning, as long as you are certain that you will follow through with them. You can always bring an updated copy of your CV or resume to the interview, especially if your plans change. Be thorough. Include everything you’re doing while applying. Alpert Medical School Essay #2 How will your unique attributes (e.g., cultural or socioeconomic background, lifestyle, work experiences) add to the overall diversity of the Alpert Medical School community? (2000 characters) Using their guidelines, â€Å"cultural or socioeconomic background, lifestyle, work experiences,† make a list. What has been unusual for you in these areas? Often it is hard to identify this information by yourself, so you may want to talk to a friend, premed advisor, or consultant for ideas. Using your list, identify those qualities or experiences that have resulted in definite skills or abilities that you can share with your medical school class. Focus on those areas that benefit you as well as others. Alpert Medical School Essay #3 What are your aspirations for your medical practice? Fast-forward to 15 years in the future: where do you imagine yourself? (3000 characters) If this question stumps you, I recommend reviewing the CV or life story of a doctor or mentor whom you admire. Often, it’s hard to know what our goals should be when we don’t know what is possible. Give yourself time to read biographies and CV’s of those who inspire you to come up with ideas for your future. Have fun with this one, but set realistic goals! If you would like professional guidance with your Alpert Medical School application materials,  check out Accepted’s Medical School Admissions Consulting and Editing Services, which include advising, editing, and interview coaching for Alpert Medical School’s application materials. Alpert Medical School 2018-19 Application Timeline   AMCAS Application Due   November 1   Secondary Application Due   December 1   Interview Invitations Sent   September February ***Disclaimer: Information is subject to change. Please check with individual programs to verify the essay questions, instructions and deadlines.*** Alicia McNease Nimonkar worked for 5 years as the Student Advisor Director at the UC Davis School of Medicine's postbac program where she both evaluated applications and advised students applying successfully to med school and other health professional programs. She has served Accepted's clients since 2012 with roughly a 90% success rate. She has a Master of Arts in Composition and Rhetoric as well as Literature.  Want Alicia to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  The Ultimate Guide to Secondary Essay Questions from Top Med Schools †¢Ã‚  Different Dimensions of Diversity, a podcast episode †¢ 4 Ways to Show How Youll Contribute in the Future

Understand Inclusion and Inclusive Practices in Work

Understand inclusion and inclusive practices in work with children and young people. The UN Convention on the rights of the child article 28 says that Every child has the right to an education article 2 says The convention applies to every child whatever their ethnicity, gender, religion, abilities, whatever they think or say, no matter what type of family they come from. Schools have a duty to adhere to this legislation, they way that they do this is by adopting anti-discriminatory and inclusive practices. In order for us to promote these practices we must firstly understand how they impact on children and young people and what would happen if we did not promote them. It is vital as a†¦show more content†¦The McPherson report defines a racist incident as Any incident which is perceived to be racist by the victim or any other person. All schools will have an equal opportunities policy with procedures that make sure it is implemented. A school will have a policy regarding discrimination and you must follow this policy and any relevant legal requirements when dealing with any issue regarding discrimination. As a teaching assistant you must always when necessary challenge discrimination. If you were to hear a colleague making a derisory remark about a persons race, culture or disability it is your duty to tell them why it is unacceptable to express their own views in this way. You cannot condone views that discriminate against another person . Knowing what to challenge, and when to challenge, can be tricky and open to personal interpretation. There are some non-negotiables re inappropriate language/behaviour e.g. swearing, language that is racist/sexist/homophobic, etc. We can say to ourselves They meant no offence by a comment – do I still need to challenge? However, not challenging can be seen as being as bad as performing the act. Common sense must always prevail. In order to report discrimination you must always make notes regarding the act or what is said make a report to the officer in charge in your setting. You can not then discuss your report with the person or persons you are reporting or any other other person unless requiredShow MoreRelatedInclusion, The Educational Practice Of Children With Disabilities1728 Words   |  7 PagesInclusion, the educational practice of instructing children with disabilities as well as children without disabilities in one classroom, is a very controversial topic regarding the education of students in today’s society. â€Å"Inclusion seeks to establish collaborative, supportive, and nurturing communities of learners that are based on giving all students the services and accommodations they need to learn, as well as respecting and learning from each other’s individual differences† (Salend 5). 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However, being in an inclusion class is beneficial to both students with disabilities and toRead MoreInclusion Policy Analysis Of Bundamba State Secondary College Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesInclusion Policy Analysis of Bundamba State Secondary College Inclusive education provides for the needs of all the children in their communities without questions (Foreman Arthur-Kelly, 2014). While school inclusion policies could meet different levels of students’ needs in all classroom and school environments. In this paper, the strengths and weaknesses of the Bundamba State Secondary College’ s inclusion policy will be discussed in Part A. In Part B recommendations will be developed for the

Welfare and Pogressive Tax Rates Essay example - 1588 Words

A government’s effectiveness is based upon how well it is able to help its people on all spectrums of society so I believe that the United States should adopt certain aspects of a welfare state similar to the Europeans and also have more progressive tax rates. I believe that universal health care and education are essential parts in a welfare state while some other programs like unemployment benefits are not as important. First I will first explain why the government has a moral responsibility to help the people they govern. Next, how the European healthcare system is much more effective than the Americans and we should adopt how they provide healthcare for their people. Then I will explain why we should improve our welfare programs to†¦show more content†¦Now who protects your right to live? A government. They enforce your right to live using laws and the police, and etc. A major part of the Government job is to protect the moral rights of the people they govern. Loo king back at Sally and Bob in relation to murder, living in the same country, it is a functioning government’s responsibility to help both Sally and Bob from being murder and in our topic of welfare the government morally should helping those who can’t provide for themselves and other aspects such as education and healthcare. A government has a moral obligation like is does to protect against murder, to provide of benefits. While murder and healthcare are on to different extremes, a government’s effectiveness is based upon how well is it able to provide for all extremes. And why limit the government in doing the best it can to provide for its people. Moral values are much more important than property rights and should be reinforced by the government. As I mentioned above, the government should provide healthcare. Many countries in Europe have been available to provide healthcare so effectively such that the United States should adopt how the Europeans provide healthcare. A major difference as to why the United States should learn from European countries is the cost. A very popular question many in European countries, also in America, ask is â€Å"why do Americans spend so much more for healthcare then most other

American Dominance in Works by Ken Kesey Essay Example For Students

American Dominance in Works by Ken Kesey Essay The idea of having the power of taming an unknown, rugged territory has always been a significant goal in American society. The early American settlers came over to this continent to find a better home with the intention to conquer and make their surroundings fit their needs. In an interview with Ken Kesey, he said: What I explore in all my work: wilderness. Settlers on this continent from the beginning have been seeking wilderness and its wilderness. The explorers and pioneers sought that wilderness because they could sense that in Europe everything had become locked in tight. . . When we got here there was a sense of possibilities and new direction and it had to do with wilderness. Faggen 22 In Keseys novels, this American feeling of confidence in oneself to dominate and control ones surroundings is a continuing theme. Kesey is predominately known as an author of the Beatnik generation. He was very influential as a leader of the psychedelic movement on the West Coast, and drugs played an important part in his life and often influenced his writing. her till she comes apart at those neat little seams, and shows, just one time, she aint so unbeatable as you think. We will write a custom essay on American Dominance in Works by Ken Kesey specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now On week. Ill let you be the judge whether I win or not. 72 He comes very close by upsetting her, and making a fool of her. He plays games such as innocently offering to help and them getting her all upset and flustered. He does lose this bet but he proves his point that he is clever enough to get to her. This is an important step in winning the patients confidence in McMurphy and their support of him. The Big Nurse shows societys inhumanity in dealing with the insane by locking them up out of its sight. Kesey has McMurphy set out on the goal to conquer the villain and take control for himself. For him, the end justifies the means, even if he sacrifices himself for the cause. He sees the ward as a challenging wilderness that he can tame in order to accommodate it to his own needs . a bee in her butt, a burr in her bloomers. -McMurphy in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest Keseys second novel is Sometimes A Great Notion. It is a difficult novel to comprehend because it quickly shifts from first to third person. The book blends past and presentGranville 277, switching story lines by using italics, capitals, and parentheses. Much of it is written in stream of consciousness. The novel takes place on the Oregon coast, where the Stampers are a large logging family who own their business. They have a rugged, strenuous life with few modern conveniences. Hank Stamper runs most of the business with Joe Ben Stamper, and together they work excruciatingly hard to pull through their struggles. They are the model example of Americans surviving the elements in an attempt to conquer the wilderness. The Stampers isolate themselves from the rest of the town; only family members can work for the company. Theirs is a competitive company, and Hank prides himself on being the most successful of them all. He makes a deal with Wokonda Company to ship a huge order of lumber. The town is unaware of it until the Stampers have almost completed the deal. This contract puts the rest of the loggers, consisting of most of the town, out of business. Much of the book is about how the townspeople try to persuade Hank to cut off the deal. In one argument, the towns leader says, I know you cant possibly do such a thing, Hank, not and still call yourself a Christian. There is an entire town off there depending on you. An en-tire town, your home town, the fellows you grew up with, played ball with an their wives an kids! 360. He refuses to back down and the town cuts off ties with him. He suffers severe losses trying to complete the contract with only a few men, even losing his closest family member, Joe Ben, What I explore in all my work: wilderness. -Ken Kesey .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306 , .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306 .postImageUrl , .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306 , .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306:hover , .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306:visited , .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306:active { border:0!important; } .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306:active , .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306 .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud93e8233bfb481297cb4c658dfd7a306:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cannibalism the Last Taboo EssayHis first published novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, was extremely popular and is often thought of as one of the great books demonstrating the social values of the Beatniks. In this novel, the protagonist, R. P. McMurphy, is a con man who fakes mental illness to enter a psychiatric hospital to escape working at a strenuous state correction farm. He goes there with the idea that this will be an easy life and hell make a profit. Miss Ratched, known as the Big Nurse, is the dictating power on the ward, and the place runs in exact order under her control. The two engage in a continual power struggle. McMurphy encourages the patients to rebel against her authority for his own self-interest as well as for the theirs. He makes it his personal goal to overthrow her rule and uses whatever means he can. He has the intention of taking control of the ward and conquering the ruler, and uses the ward meetings to get the other patients to vote against her policies. Once McMurphy tries to get the daily schedule changed so the World Series would be on during the TV hour. With a great effort, he persuades the patients to stand up against her and switch the time slots the way they want, but their immense fear of her makes it difficult for McMurphy to take control. Using his con man skills to weaken her rule, McMurphy brings gambling to the ward, betting for the patients money and cigarettes. He is able to take much of their money fairly, without the Big Nurse being able to stop him. He bets that he will be able to make her lose her cool within a week. He tells the patients, . . . a bee in her butt, a burr in her bloomers. Get her goal. Bug

Never Let Me Go Review Essay Example

Never Let Me Go Review Paper Essay on Never Let Me Go About Kazuo Ishiguro I learned years ago, when my hands got this very magazine ranking Time. One small clarification: this is not a list of best books of all time, and a list of the best English-language works of the XX century from 1923 to the present day. Why one hundred kinds of products in my eyes just ran novel by British writer of Japanese descent? Probably, all thanks to the name in English, in my opinion, it sounds more hopeless Never Let Me Go. The books Ishiguro, by the way, I like most about it is the feeling of poignant sadness. Or maybe it just reminded me of the wonderful song of Elvis Presley In the novel, the author describes an alternate reality -. England, where the cultivation of clones were organized by the Government to obtain and transplant organs. Recess a successful and capacious word picked translator! Under him and become completed the authors euphemism for dead, familiar to us. After all, can a man die, and not just material for medicine. Or not? Together with the author we slowly follow the three main characters from childhood in a public school, we learn about their teenage dreams and entertainment and low awareness of its mission and the adoption of their own destiny. Clones were the ordinary people, with their hopes, joys and sorrows. Ruth, for example, wants only to work in the office. But future donors are deprived of even such simple pleasures, and this realization makes them desperately seek every opportunity to delay their fate. Cut off from the outside world, heroes grab at any straw, which would allow them to at least try, what is the taste of real life. For example, just to get together and one day go to Norfolk, where you can find everything youve lost something strange, but no one thinks about how to raise a rebellion so firmly imprinted in the consciousness awareness of their duty and their fate. Probably, it is a natural perception of death gives to the author Japanese We will write a custom essay sample on Never Let Me Go Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Never Let Me Go Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Never Let Me Go Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the end, Do not let me. not a novel, dystopia, and the book is about people who are just looking for happiness and strive to catch up to that like or maybe it is not a novel about the clone and the donor, and all of us, because all the people will sooner or later die. Lets get back to the list of the magazine Time. Is it fair to this novel was included there? Probably, I will answer this way: fairly and decently got there Kazuo Ishiguro. I do not know there would be a place where the author, it appear this list is really a list of the best books of all time, but since this is the English prose of the XX century I am with both hands for. At least Ishiguro certainly got into my personal list of the best authors.

Whats a Good PSAT Score for 2016 Expert Analysis

What's a Good PSAT Score for 2016 Expert Analysis SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you took the PSAT in October of 2016, then you got your scores back in mid-December, just before winter break. Your PSAT score report gives you a few different score types, including your total scores, section scores, and Selection Index. With all this data, how can you sort through the numbers to figure out what is a good PSAT score? This guide will go over the full scoring system of the PSAT so you know exactly what makes a good score. Let’s start with a quick glossary explaining the various types of PSAT scores on your score report. Types of PSAT Scores: A Glossary At first glance, your PSAT score reportcan look pretty confusing. You’re going to see all sorts of scoresdescribing how you did. If you don’t know what each type of score means, then you’ll be left with little understanding of how you performedon the PSAT. There will be six main pieces of data on your PSAT score report: your scaled total scores, section scores, raw scores, subscores, Selection Index, and percentiles. Here’s what all of these terms mean: Scaled total scores: your total scores on the PSAT that range between 320 and 1520. Half of the total score comes from the Math sections, and the other half comes from Evidence-based Reading and Writing (i.e., the Reading and Writing and Language sections together). Scaled section scores: two scores, one for Math and one for Evidence-based Reading and Writing, both of which fall between 160 and 760. Section (test) scores: three scores, one for Math, one for Reading, and one for Writing and Language, all of which fall between 8 and 38. Subscores: seven scores that all range between 1 and 15. Subscores tell you how you did on certain types of questions, some of which appear across two or more sections of the PSAT. You’ll get a subscore for questions that fallinto these seven categories: Command of Evidence, Words in Context, Expression of Ideas, Standard English Conventions, Heart of Algebra, Problem Solving and Data Analysis, and Passport to Advanced Math. Raw scores: three scores, one for each PSAT section, that represent the number of questions you got right. The ranges for raw scores vary by section. You can get a maximum raw score of 48 for Math, 47 for Reading, and 44 for Writing and Language. Selection Index: one score that ranges from 48 to 228. Your selection index is the sum of your three section scores between 8 and 38 multiplied by 2 ((section score + section score + section score) x2). The National Merit Scholarship Distinction uses Selection Index to award Commended Student and Semifinalist status. Percentiles: your ranking, represented as a percent, compared to other test-takers. Percentiles tell you what percentage of other students you scored the same as or better than. If you score in the 80th percentile, then you scored the same as or better than 80% of other test-takers. So, there you have it, all of the data on your not-so-straightforward PSAT score report. Out of all of these different score types, are any more important than others? If you find yourself confused about the different types of PSAT scores, scroll back up to review the definitions above! Which PSAT Scores Are Most Important? All of these PSAT score types are useful in different ways, but the most important ones for understanding how you did are your scaled total and section scores. As you saw above, you can score a max of 1520 on the PSAT or 760 in each section. While the Reading and Writing and Language sections are separate when you take the PSAT, they’re combined to bring you one scaled section score. Because these two sections unite, your total scores are made up of half math and half verbal. The other important piece of data for students competing for National Merit distinction is the Selection Index. NMSC sets a different cutoff for each state to decide who becomes Commended Student and Semifinalist. The top 1% of scorers in each state are named Semifinalists, and they couldmove on to become Finalists and win scholarship money. Finally, your non-scaled section scores, raw scores, and subscores are most useful for giving you detailed insight into how you did on the PSAT. These scores reveal how you did on each section and question type. This kind of understanding is especially helpfulwhen you go on to study for the SAT, as they show your strengths and weaknesses as a test-taker. By looking at these scores, you can figure out where you most need to improve, whether, for instance, you need to work on the Writing and Language section or more specifically, â€Å"Command of Evidence† questions. By the way, your section scores and scaled scoresaren't totally unrelated. You can easily convert your section scores between 8 and 38 to your scaled scores between 160 and 760. To get your verbal scores, add your Reading and Writing and Language section scores together and multiply by 10. To get your math scaled scores, simply multiply your section scores by 20. To get your total scores, add your two scaled section scores together. Consider this example, where the student gota 28 in Reading, a 32 in Writing and Language, and a 34 in Math. Test Section (Test) Score Scaled Section Score Total Score Reading 28 (28 + 32) * 10 = 600 600 + 680 = 1280 Writing and Language 32 Math 34 34 * 20 = 680 The different score ranges aren’t completelyrandom, but rather are related to one another. Now that you have the tools to sort through your PSAT score report, let’s go back to our original, million-dollar question: what makes a good score on the PSAT? Read on to find out. As you can see, the different PSAT scores aren't totally unrelated. They fit together like pieces in a puzzle. What Makes a Good Score on the PSAT? Before we can answer thequestion of â€Å"what’s a good score on the PSAT,† we first need to define what we mean by â€Å"good.† Good is a subjective term, and everyone will have their own personal goals for the PSAT. To help us find some answers, let’s define good in three ways. First, â€Å"good† can mean that you scored better than 50% or more of other test-takers. Based on this definition, we can use percentiles to figure out what makes an above-average PSAT score. Second, we can define â€Å"good† PSAT scores as scores thatqualifyfor National Merit. Actually, qualifying for National Merit means that you got excellent, amazing, near-perfect PSAT scores. We’ll discuss what you need to get in greater detail below. Finally, we’ll consider what colleges are looking for in terms of SAT scores. The PSAT is a very similar test to the SAT, so your score can help you figure out whether you’re on track to getting the scores you need for your colleges of choice. Starting with our first set of criteria, let’s consider PSAT percentiles. How do PSAT scores correspond to percentiles? One person's favorite activity could be another person's nightmare. What makes something good, like a PSAT score, can be subjective. How Do PSAT Scores Correspond to Percentiles? Full Chart Percentiles compare your scores to those of other test-takers. If you score in the 75th percentile, then you scored the same as or better than 75% of other students. The remaining 25% scored better than you. The highest possible percentile on the PSAT is the 99th percentile. You don’t have to get a perfect PSAT score to land in the 99th percentile. We don’t yet have percentile data for the October 2016 administration of the PSAT, but we can look at percentiles from the 2015 PSAT. They don’t change much, if at all, from year to year. Here’s the full chart that shows how PSAT scaled section scores compare, usingpercentiles. PSAT Section Score Reading and Writing Percentile Math Percentile 760 99+ 99+ 750 99+ 99+ 740 99+ 99 730 99+ 98 720 99 98 710 99 97 700 99 97 690 98 96 680 98 96 670 97 95 660 96 94 650 95 93 640 94 93 630 92 92 620 91 90 610 89 89 600 86 88 590 84 86 580 82 83 570 79 80 560 77 78 550 74 74 540 71 70 530 67 66 520 63 61 510 59 59 500 54 55 490 50 50 480 47 45 470 43 39 460 39 36 450 35 33 440 32 27 430 28 23 420 25 19 410 23 16 400 21 14 390 18 11 380 15 8 370 11 6 360 9 5 350 7 4 340 5 3 330 4 1 320 2 1 310 1 1 300 1 1 290 1- 1 280 1- 1 270 1- 1 260 1- 1 250 1- 1 240 1- 1 230 1- 1- 220 1- 1- 210 1- 1- 200 1- 1- 190 1- 1- 180 1- 1- 170 1- 1- 160 1- 1- As you can see, percentiles work slightly differently for Math and Evidence-based Reading and Writing, with Math being a little more competitive at most score levels. For instance, a verbal score of 700 ranks in the 99th percentile, whereas you’d need a 740 in math to score in the 99th percentile. This variation happens because more students get top scores in the math section than they do in the verbal section. For the most part, though, the two section scores correspond to percentiles in a similar way. Using this chart, let’s pick out what you have to score in each section to get a â€Å"good† PSAT score in a higher than average percentile. Using percentiles is a competitive, but useful way of figuring out what makes a good score on the PSAT. What Is a Good PSAT Score Based on Percentiles? If we define a good score as one that's competitive, we can use percentiles to figure outout what scores rank higher than the majority of other test-takers. To rank in the 50th percentile, you’d need a 490 in both sections. What about to rank in the 70th, 80th, 90th, or even 99th percentiles? Here are the section scores you’d need to score higher than the majority of other students. Percentile Reading and Writing Score Math Score Composite Score 70% 540 540 1080 80% 580 570 1150 90% 620 620 1240 99% 700 740 1440 Oddly enough, you’d have to score slightly higher in the verbal section than the math to make it into the 80th percentile. To make it into the 99th percentile, though, you’d have to score 40 points higher in math than in verbal. If you’re a strong test-taker aiming for National Merit, then a good PSAT to you would be one that qualifies for Commended Student or Semifinalist. Read on to learn what is a good PSAT score for National Merit distinction. What’s a Good PSAT Score for National Merit? The National Merit Scholarship Corporation distinguishes students who get top scores on the PSAT. Students who score in the top 3% to 4% are named Commended Students, and students who get top 1% scores are named Semifinalist. NMSC doesn’t rely on percentiles, though, but on itsSelection Index. Each state has its own Selection Index cutoff that students need to make to qualify for National Merit. Before showing you all of the cutoffs, let’s review how your Selection Index score is calculated so you understand where it comes from. Being named a National Merit Commended Scholar or Semifinalist is a very impressive distinction to have on your college applications. How Is Selection Index Calculated? You can easily calculate your Selection Index score once you know your section, or test, scores between 8 and 38. You simply add your section scores for Reading, Writing and Language, and Math together, and then multiply the entire sum by 2. Let’s say you got a 35 in Reading, a 32 in Writing and Language, and a 37 in Math. Here’s how you would figure out your Selection Index. Section Score Sum x 2 Selection Index Score Reading 35 (35 + 32 + 37) x 2 = 208 Writing and Language 32 Math 37 Once you add together and double your section scores, you get a Selection Index of 208. Does this score qualify for National Merit Semifinalist? That all depends on where you live. Keep reading for the full chart that shows the qualifying cutoff scores for National Merit in each state. Qualifying PSAT Scores for National Merit, State by State This chart shows the Selection Index score you need to qualify for Semifinalist in everystate. While National Merit Scholarship Corporation hasn’t released the full list of cutoffs, they do tell interested individuals what scores they need for their own state. This list, therefore, was crowdsourced from individuals across the country. If you think any cutoffs are in error, let us know in the comments! You can also verify your own state's cutoff by calling NMSC at (847) 866-5100. Here’s the full list of state cutoffs to qualify for National Merit Semifinalist. State PSAT Cutoff for NM Semifinalist Alabama 215 Alaska 213 Arizona 219 Arkansas 213 California 221 Colorado 218 Connecticut 220 Delaware 218 DC 222 Florida 217 Georgia 219 Hawaii 217 Idaho 214 Illinois 219 Indiana 217 Iowa 215 Kansas 217 Kentucky 215 Louisiana 214 Maine 214 Maryland 221 Massachusetts 222 Michigan 216 Minnesota 219 Mississippi 212 Missouri 216 Montana 210 Nebraska 215 Nevada 214 New Hampshire 216 New Jersey 222 New Mexico 213 New York 219 North Carolina 218 North Dakota 209 Ohio 217 Oklahoma 213 Oregon 219 Pennsylvania 218 Rhode Island 217 South Carolina 215 South Dakota 209 Tennessee 218 Texas 220 Utah 215 Vermont 215 Virginia 221 Washington 220 West Virginia 209 Wisconsin 215 Wyoming 209 Average score 216 On average, students need a Selection Index of 216. If you live in Washington, DC, Massachusetts, or New Jersey, then you need to meet the highest cutoff of 222. If you haven't taken the PSAT yet and are aiming for National Merit, then I'd recommend setting your target scores at least two to five points higher than your state's cutoff on this list. The cutoffs can fluctuate a bit from year to year, depending on how students do on the PSAT. Once you’ve found your state’s cutoff, how can you figure out what scores you need to qualify for National Merit? Your Selection Index cutoff for National Merit depends on whereyou live in the country. How to Calculate Your Target Scores for National Merit This section is for students that haven't taken the PSAT yet and are aiming for National Merit. You read above how to convert your PSAT section scores into the Selection Index. If you know what Selection Index you’re aiming for, all you need to do is work backwardto figure out your target section scores. Remember how you needed to add your section scores together and then multiply by two to get your Selection Index? Working backward just means dividing your Selection Index by two and then further splitting that quotient into three. Let’s say you live in New Hampshire. To qualify for National Merit, students who took the PSAT in 2015 needed a Selection Index of 216. Our first step, then, is to divide 216 by 2. 216 / 2 = 108. Now you know that your section scores in Reading, Writing and Language, and Math need to add up to 108. You could split 108 into three to reveal that you need a section score of 36 in each of the three sections. 108 / 3 = 36 However, not everyone is equally strong at math and verbal sections. You might aim a little higher in math and a little lower in Reading and Writing and Language. As long as your section scores still add up to 108, you’ll still get a Selection Index of 216 and potentially qualify for National Merit. Once you understand what total section scores you need, you can distribute your target scores among the three PSAT sections however you want. Set realistic goals for yourself based on your own math, reading, and writing skills. Of course, only a small group of students are aiming to become National Merit Semifinalist. Only 16,000 of the 1.6 million who take the PSAT will receive this distinction. A good PSAT score is also one that shows you’re on track to achieving your SAT goals and getting into college. Let’s consider our third and final piece of criteria for defining a â€Å"good† PSAT score by thinking about your own personal college goals. Qualifying for National Merit is like getting a gold medal in the PSAT. What Is a Good PSAT Score for College? The PSAT is extremely similar to the SAT, and your performance can help predict how you’ll do on the SAT. Almost everyone improves when they take these tests more than once, sothe PSAT is a useful trial run. You'll likely score higher on the SAT than you would if you'd never taken the PSAT. You can use your PSAT score report to see your current scoring level and findout where you can improve to hit your target SAT scores.To figure out your target SAT scores, you should do some college research. Find schools that you’re interested in, and look for the average SAT scores of accepted students. This piece of data will help you set your own SAT goals. Once you know what scores you need to get into your colleges of interest, you can use your PSAT score report to design a study plan. Pinpoint your strengths and weaknesses, and write down a personalized SAT study plan that targets your weak areas. You can set aside a certain amount of time for studying depending on how many points you’re seeking to improve. Here’s an estimate of how many hours you need to study to achieve variousscore improvements. 0-50 SAT composite point improvement: 10 hours 50-100 point improvement: 20 hours 100-200 point improvement: 40 hours 200-300 point improvement: 80 hours 300-500 point improvement: 150 hours+ If you’re already scoring close to your target SAT scores, then you can feel satisfied with your PSAT scores. If you fell below by a few hundred points, then you need to kick your test prep into gear and devote several hours a week to getting ready for the SAT. If you have months to prepare, then you can definitely see a big improvement in your scores and skills as a test-taker. Your PSAT score report offers a useful starting point for your SAT prep. Whether or not you think you got a good score on the PSAT, you can still achieve a good score on the SAT with enough commitment. In closing, let’s go over the key points you need to remember about what makes a good score on the 2016 PSAT. What scores do you need to be a competitive applicant to your dream school? The PSAT can help you work towards them. 2016 PSAT Scores: Key Takeaways If you took the PSAT in 2016, then you will get your scores back in mid-December. Your PSAT score report might look confusing at first glance, but now you understand what all of its scaled scores, section scores, and subscores mean. Any students aiming for National Merit will also search out their Selection Index score to get a sense if they qualified. If you haven't taken the PSAT yet, you can use the cutoffs to set goals for your scores. Everyone has their own definition for what is aâ€Å"good† PSAT score. You might think a good score is one that is higher than that of most other students. You can use percentiles to figure out what makes a good score on the PSAT. If you’re a high-achieving student who has spent time prepping for the PSAT, then good to you might mean receiving National Merit distinction. National Merit is extremely competitive and only goes to the top scorers across the country. Finally, scoring well on the PSAT relates to your plans for taking the SAT and getting into college. You might have a certain goal based on your eventual college applications. Even if you fall short of it, you can spend boost your SAT performance through studying. Taking the PSAT is a valuable experience that will help you get ready for the SAT.In the end, you decide what makes a good score for you based on your own personal goals and plans. What’s Next? If you are named National Merit Semifinalist, how do you move on to become Finalist and win scholarship money? Check out this full guide to learn how to become a National Merit Finalist. How many hours should you devote to SAT prep? This guide will help you figure out how long you need to study for the SAT. What’s the best way to prepare for the SAT? Check out our ultimate SAT prep study guide for the best resources to get ready for the test. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Research approach in the social world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research approach in the social world - Essay Example s, many researches were conducted regarding teenage pregnancy (Colleta, 1981; Barth and Schinke, 1984; Crockenberg, 1987; Whitehead, 1994; Kelly, 1997; Cater and Coleman, 2006). According to Teenage Pregnancy Associates (2011: 1), despite the case that the teenage pregnancy rate in United Kingdom decreased about 18 percent since 1998, England still had the highest rate accumulating a total of 35,966 conceptions under 18 years old in 2009. It is the case that the society in which we live in highly discriminates and stigmatises teenage pregnancy. There are different ‘imaginative measures’ to make teenage motherhood look nasty, disagreeable and immoral, thus ‘uglifying’ teenage pregnancy (Whitehead, 1994: 55 – 81). Girls who have been pregnant at an early age are labelled as sluts, ho, promiscuous, ignorant, incompetent, irresponsible, and so on (Kelly, 1997: 165 – 180). In this case, these young girls are stigmatized for being young moms. However, this concern is not just personal but also with the trend, the society is also alarmed. Different institutions like government, economy, education, church, and most specially, the institution of the family have been upset with the numbers young mothers. Basically, the reason that has pushed me to investigate this research topic regarding teenage pregnancy is because of how our society views these pregnant teens as well as the teenage moms. Thus, the necessity to conduct an exploratory study of the experienced and circumstances contributing to the crisis of teenage pregnancy can be backed – up by the current situation of our society in relation to the issues on teenage pregnancy. However, in this study, instead of looking from the perspective of society, this will examine the perspective of the young moms. The question of who will be the beneficiaries of this academic endeavor is not only the pregnant teens and teenage moms but the society as a whole because as the stories of these girls are told through this

Cash, Color, and Colonialism by Renee Ann Cramer - Review Essay

Cash, Color, and Colonialism by Renee Ann Cramer - Review - Essay Example In an examination of the actual process of recognition, Cramer argues that economic, social, cultural, and political aspects strongly influence the recognition of Native American peoples. More particularly, she claims that the colonial relationship between Native Americans and the White people, issues of race, and gaming interests largely influence the decision of the BAR to approve or reject an application. The discourse on federal Indian regulation and tribal political law has primarily been the area of concern of legal scholars. This issue, as argued by Cramer, is complex, puzzling, and conflicting. There are a huge number of Native American tribes that have been granted official recognition by the federal government, and every period has its own language, legacy, and history. Not like other U.S. governments, tribal administrations do not have legal foundation; thus, they have been traditionally viewed by the federal government as self-governing dependent entities, government districts, and foreign units. All of these aspects have resulted in the marginalization of Native American peoples. Official recognition by the federal government is the crucial aspect in the success of Native American peoples in preserving its ancestral domain, economy, heritage, and autonomy. Without official recognition, an ethnic group will remain unidentified, despite heritage. Within the framework of federal Indian law, official recognition creates an agreement between the American government and Native American tribes. This agreement grants several privileges to the tribes, such as gaming rights and reclamation rights. But several ethnic groups have not been officially recognized. This fact encouraged Cramer to comprehensively examine the bureaucratic process of federal recognition, situating her analysis in a broader cultural, legal, and historical perspective. She believes that the process of federal recognition can only be correctly

Gay Marriages Essay Example for Free

Gay Marriages Essay When newer lifestyles creep into our society, inline with our thoughts and liberties, guardians of the older versions are likely to be taken back. These lifestyle changes happen in every sphere of life, like the way we eat or work. In getting along with it, we may have to abandon our traditional ways. Sometimes these may go unnoticed, as it may be beneficial to all, having none to worry about it. But other times the issues in question may be very important and fundamental, and there would be a social debate. Homosexuality and gay marriages is one such issue, which is still being debated widely. With homosexuality and gay marriages becoming increasingly present in our society, it is important that the subject be well debated and all issues projected so that it helps people to take appropriate decisions. The issue of homosexuality is not just relevant for the partners, but also to the families they are a part of, and to the society as a whole. It is therefore important that the society be well informed of the legal and social aspects of gay marriages, while being alive to the fact that evolving lifestyle issues could knock at anyone’s door. The media has a very important and responsible role in helping the larger part of the society to come to terms with evolving lifestyles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is perhaps what the film ‘The Wedding Banquet’ has attempted and succeeded. ‘The Wedding Banquet’ is a thoughtful and touching Chinese film revolving around homosexuality and family ties. The film brings into focus the perception of modern lifestyles, from the traditional point of view, and the difficulties and experiences involved in coming to terms with it (Don). The film projects homosexuality in a wider perspective. A gay relationship, in the midst of a heterosexual marriage and parenting, shows the wider realm of homosexuality and gay relationships. The film brings into focus a gay relationship between a Taiwanese expatriate Wai-Tung and his doctor boyfriend Simon. When Wai-Tung’s parents pressurize their son for his marriage, he plans to buy time by putting impossible conditions for his bride. However a dating company succeeds in finding a suitable match, when Wai-Tung strikes into a convenience marriage with his tenant Wei Wei. The marriage would help Wei Wei from being deported. It is when the parents of Wai-Tung reach America for the wedding banquet of their son, does they know of the developments in the family. The film has several turning points like when Wei Wei seduces an inebriated Wai-Tung and becomes pregnant, leading to deterioration in his relationship with Simon. Wai-Tung’s father approves of the actions of Simon, who he takes as his adopted son . His mother on the other hand is drawn affectionally to her daughter-in-law, whom his father considers as a business participant. At the end the father and mother leave for Taiwan, without any discontent. The movie definitely seems to address the issue of homosexuality in the family context. Bringing the issue of homosexuality face-to-face with traditionally heterosexual cultures, gets everyone on their toes to accept the reality. Lifestyle choices are here to stay and traditions must pave way to it and coexist. This low budget film won recognition for its director Ang Lee, who himself makes a short appearance as a banquet guest. It also won the Golden Bear award in the Berlin Film Festival of 1993 and the best film and best director awards at the 1993 Seattle International Film Festival (Berardinelli, 1993).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rights of homosexuals are increasingly gaining support with time. Homosexuals are being more welcome in our society and their rights are becoming more obvious. Gone are those days when homosexuality was considered a serious crime and homosexuals looked upon as people with sick minds. Although there are societies which still consider homosexuality a crime, it isn’t as dreadful as it once was. These developments indicate the growing perception that homosexuals are a part of our society and therefore should be accorded equal rights, equal protection and equal support from all welfare activities. The favorable trend towards homosexuals may be attributed to the general liberalization of policies in most parts of the world, broader thinking among people and the mixing of cultures and mingling of economics. But it is indeed sad that this never before support, is not extended to gay marriages. A major part of this support and backing, of homosexuality stops short of gay marriages. This indifference to gay marriage, particularly from among supporters of homosexuality stems from their perception of marriage and homosexuality. Gays are generally thought to have multiple partners and that therefore their relationships cannot be deep or emotional. The gays are considered as uncommitted and not being capable of forming lasting relationships. This description of gays cannot be challenged, as gays do have such relationships too. However, it should be noted here that such relationships also exist in heterosexual or straight society too, maybe to a small extent and that too mainly among the youth. What most people need to understand about gays is that, as gays grow and mature, they too like their straight counterparts begin to value and seek committed lasting relationships.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is important to realize the basics behind the emergence of homosexuality. Homosexuality is a naturally developing phenomenon. However, most ignorant people attribute it to a defiance of heterosexual norms and an intention to experiment.   Some people feel that gays could choose being a heterosexual if they wanted, but that, only a very few consider that they have a choice. It is only like heterosexuals being asked to choose the sex they are attracted to. It should be understood that being a gay is natural and not selected. Several gay people, both men and women recall being attracted to people of their own sex from a very young age. The sexual orientation in most people emerge at a very early age like early adolescence, even prior to any sexual experience. Homosexual orientation is a complex subject and cannot be explained by any single or a simple, plain model. No consistent results have been found from research undertaken for homosexual orientation. Despite studying evolutionary and hormonal pattern in homosexuality, scientists have not yet understood the development of homosexual orientation in an individual. Therefore it is improper to assume that homosexuals have a choice, which they have chosen to bypass. Today however, most scientists agree that sexual orientation results from an influence of environment, cognitive and biological factors. Genetic and inborn hormonal traits play an important role in deciding a person’s sexual attitude. Psychologists and psychiatrists believe that homosexuality is not due to emotional or mental disorders; and it was in 1973, when the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its official list of emotional and mental disorders, after appropriate research (APA, 2008). Research based on twin studies also indicate that male homosexuality is genetically mediated. A study with about 76 gay brothers and their families in 1993 by Dean Hamer found that gay men had more gay uncles and cousins on the maternal side compared to the paternal side. One of the most reliable finding in homosexuality adoption was reported by Blanchard and Klassen in 1997, which suggested that the odds of an individual being a gay increased by 33% correpondingly for each older brother. It has been implied that the male foetus causes a maternal immune reaction which is increasingly stronger for each successive male foetus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gay marriages are wrongly perceived by many people to alter family environment. The customary saying that marriage is an institution between a man and a woman holds no water, as there is no real and moral judgement behind it. Such definitions of marriages only raise questions on the eligibility and authenticity of the defining person or institution. Who should be the one to define marriage?. They feel that same-sex couples cannot provide the necessary environment for children’s normal growth. In continuation of this, many consider same-sex marriage as a deterrent to births and continuation of species. They don’t realise that marriages are not just directed to bearing children, as even infertile couples choose to marry or heterosexual couples sometimes choose against having children. Marriage is more about sharing, love and commitment and less about bearing children. It should be realized that gay couples are capable of raising children as much as any straight couple. The fact that there is no significant difference between the children of gay and straight couples, has been proved by research. Psychologists are of the opinion that the gender of the parent is not important in raising the child; it’s the love and commitment on the part of the parents that matter. As for the continuation of species, human species are in no danger of dwindling due to reproductive failure. In fact the population explosion is really disturbing and serious issues are at stake for the oncoming generations. Gay marriages can only help in slowing the rate of population increase, than adding to it. Gay marriages have seen results, since it has already been experimented. Denmark legalised gay marriages in 1989. Several Dutch cities have had same-sex marriage rights for many years. The clergy at first offered opposition to the Danish law and a survey conducted at that time indicated that about 72 percent of the clergy opposed the law. However another survey conducted in 1995 revealed that 89 percent of the clergy supported the law. Gay marriages have been experimented and proved to strengthen the institution of marriage and contribute to the society. Any doubts on the success of gay marriages are fully vacated and its positive impact on the society acknowledged.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The interpretation of gay marriage in religion should not be ignored when considering gay marriages. Given the binding of religion and its influence on every aspect of life, people consider religious beliefs above all contemporary issues associated with gay marriages, when deciding on them. Some religions are against homosexuality and gay marriages while some do not consider it as something important to be preached upon. In the Old Testament only two passages are referred to homosexuality, among the several thousands (Piazza, 2007). Buddhism in fact attracts several homosexuals, as there isn’t any homophobia preaching in it. The Theravada Buddhism considers all relationships i.e.; gay, lesbian or straight as being personal matters bearing mutual consent (Robinson, 2008). Therefore all relationships are considered constructive and acceptable as long as both partners are happy. Many people, who believe in Christianity, oppose homosexuality and gay marriage, on the basis of the bible. It should primarily be noted here that the bible was written at a period when there was no understanding of homosexuality or psychosexual orientation. The bible therefore does not recognise people as lesbians or gays. The inference was only directed to homosexual acts committed by persons who were considered heterosexual. However, the bible has been successfully used to interpret the views of both advocates and opponents of homosexuality whenever homosexuality is deliberated. According to the Roman Catholic Church, any sex that does not lead to procreation should be avoided and thus the use of condoms and masturbation is condemned. However, it should also be noted that the church approves sex among sterile couples and sex during pregnancy, which do not lead to procreation (Corvino, 1997). An important aspect of bible interpretation is that, many Christians interpret all texts with much flexibility except when it comes to homosexuality, where  Ã‚   all references to homosexual acts are taken literally. The bible actually pays very little attention to this subject and most importantly Jesus speaks nothing on this topic, in the New Testament. This apart, most instructions and recommendations of the bible are of lesser relevance today, like avoiding pork. The teachings are subconsciously breached casually, as we go about our everyday lives. For instance, there was a prominent woman once spoke at length against homosexuality, in the course of which she broke several Biblical laws by Levitical standards (Piazza, 2007), namely speaking in church, she taught men and wore a cotton and polyester dress. The Bible interestingly has a few example of same sex love. David’s love for Jonathan was implied to be greater than his love for woman, Ruth’s deep love relationship with Naomi and Ruth’s words of pledge are used in most heterosexual weddings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though gay couples are now socially accepted like never before, they are far from equal civil rights. The withholding of civil rights to gay couples can sometimes be life ruining and even life threatening. The inconvenience and sufferings of gay couples as a consequence of these unequal rights can be endlessly said. In most American states, gay couples are not given the right to make medical decisions for their partners, during emergencies. State laws stipulate that the hospitals should reach out to the families of the hospitalised partner, thereby ignoring the gay partner’s concern. Very often, the families are not in good terms with the gay couple, and may even be without contact for a considerable long time. It is obvious that the decisions taken by such families would not be in the best interests of the couple. It is sad that the hostile family even have the right to exclude the partner from the treatment room. Even upon death, the will of the gay partner can be easily challenged and custody decisions overturned by the family (Bidstrup, 2004). Families have the right to deny the surviving partner, even a visit to his partner’s grave. There are several cases where gay couples had been extremely careful in drafting their will, which however were overturned, leaving the surviving partner literally penniless. Whenever arrested, gay couples are forced to provide evidence and testify against their partners. Most gay couples, particularly the older ones have numerous such stories of injustices meted out to their friends or acquaintances. The testimony of a gay partner is as irrelevant as the testimony of a complete stranger, in most courts. In case the partner is jailed, the right to visit the partner is denied in most cases. In matters of law, arrest or imprisonment, the whims of a hostile family and the cooperation of a homophobic judge can have devastating effects on the gay couple. The discrimination is pathetically extended even to the children of gay couples, as gay parents are not able to get parenting rights when children are brought into their family, either by birth or through adoption. These are some civil rights issues, which are in no way connected to the nature of marriages. State laws, which provide for the rights of legally married couples, are denied for gay couples.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gay couples are definitely not accorded equal rights, although the situation is improving and would one day catch up with those accorded to heterosexual couples. One must not forget that African-American marriages were not allowed, till the end of civil war. Until 1967, there were at least 15 states that prohibited interracial marriages. It required a US Supreme Court decision that year to ensure inter-racial marriages throughout the United States (Robinson). Same sex marriages are recent happenings, which were earlier not permitted anywhere in the world. The law is often the deciding factor in the fate of homosexuality like in November 2003 when the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court termed the ban on gay marriage as unconstitutional. Legislators have indeed played an important role in the acceptance of homosexuality and gay marriages. However there is a lot more for them to do. There are many states in the US, which have yet not legalized gay marriages. Apart from US, there are only a few countries that have recognized homosexual relationships. Social acceptance is a major struggle for homosexuality, which however can begin only after its legalization. Given the progress in acceptability of homosexuality till now, it is evident that all constitutions should and one day, would legalize homosexuality. It should be noted here that the European Union had demanded Turkey to form more liberal laws on sex, as a condition for its membership. Once homosexuality and gay marriages are legalized, the law should provide for the rights of gay couples, and for individual partners. Gay couples should be allowed to live peacefully like any other family, raise children and plan for their future. Homophobic attitudes should be better identified and punished when it attempts to hinder the rights of gay couples. Gay couples too have the responsibility to stand up against victimization rather than suffer alone in silence, fearing social stigma. It is rightly appropriate here to mention the fact that Brendan Fay had lodged a complaint against the Polish president for using his marriage images to warn his countrymen against gay marriages. Fay’s marriage to his partner Tom Moulton, and their marriage certificate was shown in his televised address to the nation. Fay said he considered it to be an insult and has complained to the Polish Consulate in New York (Salazar).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The debate on providing equal rights to same-sex couples would go on. The public support for gay couples, would gradually translate to more support for marriage rights. However it is the law, which ultimately dictates on the right to gay marriages. The right of the individual to exercise his choice on his personal matters would ultimately be given to him, to enable him to select the gender of his partner. When South Africa’s highest court recognised same-sex marriages and decided to extend legal marital rights to gay couples, it became the first country to do so in a continent, which condemns homosexuality. It must be noteworthy to mention here that South Africa’s constitution is one of world’s most advanced and progressive constitutions. Constitutional reforms are important for any society to meet its trends and demands. Conservative societies should recognise and be willing to accept newer trends and passions. Just like racist discrimination was ruled out, a new dawn awaits the universal removal of discrimination to gay marriage; a dawn when all gay couples can live happily with all rights and liberties, without any fear or discrimination. â€Å"Although we cannot find that a fundamental right to same-sex marriage exists in this state, the unequal dispensation of rights and benefits to committed same-sex partners can no longer be tolerated under our state constitution,† said New Jersey Supreme Court Justice Barry T. Albin, while offering equal rights to same-sex couples.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Education too has an important role to play in understanding homosexuality. Understanding the demands and options of today’s lifestyle, is very crucial for any individual, and one should have the relevant education to take appropriate decisions. Our traditional educational policies should be revamped with the realities of today. Educators must let people know to what extent the law currently permits one to select the gender of the person he or she wishes to marry. Educators must be prepared to transform individuals as responsible persons capable of loving, marrying and raising a family, irrespective of the gender of the partner he or she would be married to. Recognition of same sex relationships as being equal to traditional marriages would drastically redefine the meaning of family (Knight, 1997). Educational policy makers should realize that they hold a sacred duty of imparting education and social skills incorporating relevance to homosexual society too. As the legalization of homosexuality and gay marriages are slowly but steadily gaining ground, one thing is clear; these steps will always progress in the same direction. Therefore education must also keep up closely in the same direction for the welfare of its beneficiaries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The legislators have a moral responsibility to provide and ensure proper implementation of the marriage rights of gay couples, as civil and partnership laws cannot provide the same benefits as that of marriage (Johnson, 2007). The educators have a responsibility of not only transforming the society to be receptive of gay marriages, but also ensuring that gay couples succeed in every aspect of life. The society as a whole should not only integrate gay couples into its fold, unconditionally, but also be fully prepared to welcome newer lifestyle changes of tomorrow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   REFERENCES Don Willmott (2004) The Wedding Banquet [Electronic version]. Retrieved on March 19, 2008 from http://www.filmcritic.com/misc/emporium.nsf/reviews/The-Wedding-Banquet Berardinelli, James (1993) The Wedding Banquet [Electronic version]. Retrieved on March 19, 2008, from http://www.reelviews.net/movies/w/wedding_ban.html Salazar C. New York man files complaint against Polish president for anti-gay marriage speech. International Herald Tribune (19 Mar, 2008) [Electronic version] from http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/03/19/europe/EU-GEN-Poland-Gay-Rights.php American Psychological Association. Sexuality [Electronic version]. Retrieved on March 19, 2008, from http://www.apa.org/topics/orientation.html#whatcauses   2008 Piazza M.S. Homosexuality and Christianity [Electronic version]. Retrieved on March 20, 2008, from http://www.cathedralofhope.com Robinson B.A, (2008). The Buddhist religion and homosexuality [Electronic version]. Retrieved on March 18, 2008, from http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_budd.htm Corvino John. Why shouldn’t Tommy and Jim have sex? A defence of homosexuality. Same Sex: Debating the ethics, Science and Culture of Homosexuality, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. (1997). Bidstrup Scott, (2004). Gay Marriage: The arguments and the motives [Electronic version]. Retrieved on March 18, 2008, from http://www.bidstrup.com/marriage.htm Knight Robert,. How domestic partnerships and Gay marriage threaten the family. Insight bulletin, Family Research Council. (1997) Johnson, Ramon. (2007) Gay marriage around the world. [Electronic version]. Retrieved on March 20, 2008, from http://gaylife.about.com/od/samesexmarriage/a/legalgaymarriag.htm

Spinal Stenosis Essays -- Disease/Disorders

The spine is made up of bones known as the vertebrae which are each separated by discs that serve to reduce the impact that movement may have on the spinal column thus acting as a movable support structure. The spine is made up of seven vertebrae in the neck known as the cervical spine, twelve vertebrae in the mid-back known as the thoracic spine and 5 vertebrae in the low back known as the lumbar spine. There is a hollow space that runs down the middle of each vertebra that contains the spinal cord known as the spinal canal. The spinal nerves exit the spinal canal via the intervertebral foramen. It is imperative that these canals maintain enough room to support the spinal cord and spinal nerves. Spinal stenosis occurs when the canals narrow causing irritation or pressure on the spinal cord or the spinal nerves, depending on which area of the spine is affected. As the canals narrow, there is less space for the spinal cord and nerves to move without restraint. Spinal stenosis is a de generative condition that can occur in any area of the spine, although it is most prevalent in the lumbar area. Lumbar spinal stenosis is a reduction in the dimension of the central or lateral lumbar spinal canal that occurs most frequently as a result of chronic degenerative changes (Celik et al., 2012). The narrowing may be caused by either congenital or acquired etiologies, or in some rare cases, both. Congenital stenosis is also known as primary stenosis which occurs during postnatal development meaning it is seen at birth. Acquired stenosis or secondary stenosis occurs after the normal development of the spine in which the narrowing occurs due to an acquired condition such as degenerative stenosis, spinal instability or trauma. As the aged po... ...udy of a clinical diagnosis support tool for lumbar spinal stenosis. Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association 14, 711-718. Landi, A., Tarantino, R., Marotta, N., Ruggeri, A.G., Domenicucci, M., Giudice, L., Martini, S., Rastelli, M., Ferrazza, G., De Luca, N., et al. (2011). The use of platelet gel in postero-lateral fusion: preliminary results in a series of 14 cases. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 20 Suppl 1, S61-67. Miyakoshi, N., Hongo, M., Kasukawa, Y., Ishikawa, Y., and Shimada, Y. (2011). Prevalence, Spinal Alignment, and Mobility of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis with or without Chronic Low Back Pain: A Community-Dwelling Study. Pain research and treatment 2011, 340629.